Jade in Chinese culture is meaningful and not limited to the mineralogy. In 說文解字 (shuo wen jie zi) , the first Chinese dictionary published in 200 CE, jade was defined as " beautiful stones with 5 De, or virtues, represented in jade " by Xu Zhen. 5 De indicate five characteristics of jade, including extreme hardness, its polish and brilliancy, Its color, the pure and prolonged sound, its perfect compactness and transparency.